private healthcare

The Private Sector and Health: A Survey of Somaliland Private Pharmacies.

Evidence Reviews

Within the private sector there are numerous levels of private care, but the majority of private facilities offering clinical care are clustered in large cities and are only accessible to the few who can afford them (and indeed, wealthier Somalis fly out of Somalia when they need
higher levels of care). Private pharmacies on the other hand, are described as ubiquitous and offer a range of services that are accessible to a much wider proportion of society. Several studies have suggested they are the most used source of health care in Somaliland and other zones of Somalia. This report describes the private pharmacy sector and gives information for influencing programme design, to
allow public health actors to consider use of the private pharmacy network as important contributors to attaining
public health goals in Somaliland

Gold Mining Pollution and the Cost of Private Healthcare: The Case of Ghana

Evidence Reviews

To attract greater levels of foreign direct investment into their gold mining sectors, many mineral-rich countries in sub-Saharan Africa have been willing to overlook serious instances of mining company non-compliance with environmental standards. These lapses in regulatory oversight and enforcement have led to high levels of pollution in many mining communities.The likelihood is high that the risk of pollution-related sicknesses, such as skin infections, upper and lower respiratory disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, will necessitate increasingly high healthcare expenditures in affected communities.
In this study, we propose and estimate a hedonic-type model that relates healthcare expenditure to the degree of residents’ exposure to mining pollution using data obtained on gold mining in Ghana. The empirical results confirm that, after controlling for factors such as current and long-term health status, increased mining pollution leads to higher healthcare expenditure.

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