Secondary Data Review Sudden Onset Natural Disasters

Zakari Soumana, a vaccinator at the Centre for Integrated Health Programs (CIHP) in Ouna, Dosso District, travels aboard a motorboat with a batch of polio vaccines on the Niger river to the village of Bongnani, Niger, Tuesday, 12 April, 2016. Soumana is to administer polio vaccines to the children in Bongnani, part of an effort to vaccinate all children against the virus. Niger is no longer poliovirus-infected, according to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, but remains at high risk of outbreaks. Detection of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) in 2016 in north-eastern Nigeria means the entire region is currently at risk. Niger, along with other countries of the Lake Chad sub-region, declared the outbreak to be a regional public health emergency and is implementing a regional outbreak response, coordinated with neighbouring countries. Polio is spread through person-to-person contact. When a child is infected with wild poliovirus, the virus enters the body through the mouth and multiplies in the intestine. It is then shed into the environment through the faeces where it can spread rapidly through a community, especially in situations of poor hygiene and sanitation. If a sufficient number of children are fully immunized against polio, the virus is unable to find susceptible children to infect, and dies out. In Niger, the majority of the population lives far from health facilities. In order to provide health services to people living in the most remote areas, health outreach programs are organized. Health workers travel to designated villages to perform vaccinations and prenatal checkups. Villages situated within a 17-kilometre radius are informed of these events in order for mothers and children to travel to the site on the scheduled day. This strategy has increased the vaccination coverage in many areas.