Operational Considerations: COVID-19 and Forced Displacement in the Middle East and East Africa
Summary including collaborating with local groups and adopting holistic approaches.
Summary including collaborating with local groups and adopting holistic approaches.
La crisis política y económica en Venezuela ha transformado al país desde 2010 de un país receptor de inmigrantes a un país emisor de emigrantes. Más de 4,000 venezolanos ingresan a Ecuador cada día, y actualmente la población de venezolanos en el Ecuador es de medio millón. Muchos de estos refugiados o migrantes están en situación de vulnerabilidad, siendo un 40% de la población en situación de movilidad niños o niñas (Espana, 2018). UNICEF calcula que unos 438,000 menores venezolanos están en necesidad de asistencia (UNICEF, 2018).
A pesar de que el estado Ecuatoriano está facilitando la movilidad y acogida de estos refugiados y migrantes, ha habido múltiples casos de xenofobia y discriminación hacia venezolanos en el país. UNICEF Ecuador, en conjunto con el programa “niños desarraigados” de UNICEF, está construyendo una estrategia de comunicación y de participación pública para complementar las acciones de apoyo a migrantes en terreno.
This study represents an initial attempt to assess patterns of displacement related to droughts in selected countries of the Horn of Africa, specifically the border regions of Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia. The study explores several scenarios to identify potential impacts of climate change and demographic trends and to test the effectiveness of measures to prevent and respond to droughts.
This dissertation explores the lasting effects of recurrent temporary medical humanitarian operations through ethnographic research in communities, clinical facilities, nongovernmental aid organizations, and governmental bureaucracies in the northern Somali Region of Ethiopia.
For some years, awareness about the need for comprehensive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services for women in situations of war and armed conflict has been growing. As a result, humanitarian aid programmes are paying more and more attention to the provision of SRH services in the field, but a more holistic and integrated approach to SRH is often still lacking.
This guide has been developed as a practical tool for programme officers in humanitarian aid to screen programmes and policies in order to promote a more integrated approach of SRH. It is the result of an interdisciplinary policy research project for the Belgian Development Co-operation, which highlights SRH from a human rights approach. It includes medical aspects of SRH and also emphasises the need to develop an enabling political, legal, social and cultural environment.
Using the principles of reputational case selection sampling procedure and thematic search of electronic databases and websites, we implemented a regional synthesis of evidence on the health vulnerabilities of migrant and mobile populations in urban areas of East and Southern Africa. The review identified key health challenges relating to various diseases, including the increasing challenge of non-communicable diseases, such diabetes among migrants by 2030.
While figures are difficult to obtain, our review suggested high levels of urban migrants, including refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and asylum seekers in urban areas of the region, which for undocumented migrants poses particular logistics challenges in terms of administering targeted interventions, more so in contexts where poor socio-economic situations of countries do not provide them with opportunities to become self-reliant and less dependent on humanitarian assistance. This calls for policies, program interventions and research investments targeting vulnerable migrant and mobile groups in the region.
An Analysis of Migration Health in Kenya was commissioned by theMinistry of Public Health and Sanitation (MoPHS) and the InternationalOrganization for Migration (IOM) to provide an overview of the issue of migration health in Kenya. Information was derived from an extensive literature review and interviews with key informants, including the Government, United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations.The twin goals of Kenya’s Second National Health Sector Strategic Plan are to reduce inequalities in health care and reverse the downward trend in health related impact and outcome indicators (Republic of Kenya,2005a).
By providing an analysis of migration health in Kenya, this report aims to stimulate discussion which will lead to decisive action from theGovernment and partners to ensure migrants may begin to enjoy more equitable access to health services. As migrants do not live in isolation,but rather in diverse communities, their health status has an impact on the community at-large.
Complex humanitarian emergencies are characterised by a break-down of health systems. All-cause mortality increases and non-violent excess deaths (predominantly due to infectious diseases) have been shown to outnumber violent deaths even in exceptionally brutal conflicts. However, affected populations are very heterogeneous and refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and resident (non-displaced) populations differ substantially in their access to health services. We aim to show how this translates into health outcomes by quantifying excess all-cause mortality in emergencies by displacement status. As standard data sources on mortality only poorly represent these populations, we use data from CEDAT, a database established by aid agencies to share operational health data collected for planning, monitoring and evaluation of humanitarian aid. We obtained 1759 Crude Death Rate (CDR) estimates from emergency assessments conducted between 1998 and 2012. We define excess mortality as the ratio of CDR in emergency assessments over ‘baseline CDR’ (as reported in the World Development Indicators).